How the TPMS system works in cars?

Entry

TPMS (Tire Pressure Monitoring System) is a technology that monitors the pressure in car tires. Its purpose is to ensure optimal pressure levels, which contributes to improved driving safety, extended tire life, and reduced fuel consumption. The introduction of TPMS was a response to growing demands for road safety and environmental protection.

The history of the TPMS system

TPMS began to be developed in the 1980s, when automakers recognized the need for real-time tire pressure monitoring. The first systems were installed in luxury cars, such as the Porsche 959 in 1986. As time passed and technology improved, TPMS became more widely available, and more manufacturers began implementing it.

In 2000, the United States passed the TREAD (Transportation Recall Enhancement, Accountability, and Documentation) Act, which required TPMS to be installed in new cars. Similar regulations were introduced in Europe in 2014, when TPMS became mandatory in all new vehicles sold in the European Union.

How TPMS works

TPMS works by monitoring tire pressure and relaying information to the driver via a gauge on the dashboard. If the pressure drops below the recommended level, the system alerts the driver, allowing them to quickly take appropriate action.

Types of TPMS systems

There are two main types of TPMS systems:

Direct TPMS

Direct TPMS uses sensors installed in each tire to measure pressure in real time. The data is transmitted to a control module and then displayed on the vehicle's screen. This type of system is more accurate but also more expensive to maintain, as the sensors may require replacement after a few years.

Indirect TPMS

Indirect TPMS relies on data from the ABS and ESP systems to monitor wheel rotational speed. When one wheel rotates faster than the others, the system interprets this as a loss of pressure. Although this type of TPMS is less precise, it is also less expensive to install and maintain.

Advantages of using TPMS

The TPMS system offers a number of benefits, including:

• Improved safety: Preventing accidents caused by under-inflated or overheated tires.

• Fuel savings: Tires with the correct pressure reduce rolling resistance, which translates into lower fuel consumption.

• Extending tire life: Maintaining the correct pressure reduces tread wear.

• Environmental protection: Less fuel consumption means reduced CO2 emissions.

The impact of TPMS on safety and the environment

TPMS plays a key role in improving road safety. According to research conducted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), vehicles equipped with TPMS have a 55% lower risk of tire-related accidents.

Additionally, TPMS contributes to environmental protection because maintaining the correct tire pressure reduces fuel consumption, which in turn reduces the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere.

Table: Comparison of Direct and Indirect TPMS Systems

Characteristics	Direct TPMS	Indirect TPMS
Measurement accuracy	High	Lower
Installation cost	Higher	Lower
Maintenance required	Yes	NO
Speed ​​of reaction	Instant	Delayed

Chart: Relationship between tire pressure and fuel consumption

        | | * Fuel consumption | * | * | * | * |__*____________________ Tire pressure

Summary

The TPMS system is a crucial component of modern vehicles, ensuring safety, savings, and environmental protection. Its history demonstrates how technology can improve comfort and safety on the road. Choosing the right TPMS depends on individual needs and budget, but regardless of the choice, the benefits of this system are undeniable.