How does the TPMS system work in cars ?

Entry

The TPMS (Tire Pressure Monitoring System) is a technology that monitors the pressure in car tires. Its purpose is to ensure an optimal level of pressure, which contributes to improved driving safety, extended tire life and reduced fuel consumption. The introduction of the TPMS system was a response to the growing requirements for road safety and environmental protection.

TPMS System History

TPMS began to be developed in the 1980s when car manufacturers saw the need for real-time tire pressure monitoring. The first systems were used in luxury cars such as the Porsche 959 in 1986. As time passed and technology improved, TPMS became more widely available and more manufacturers began to implement it.

In 2000, the United States passed the TREAD (Transportation Recall Enhancement, Accountability, and Documentation) Act, which required TPMS to be installed in new cars. Similar regulations were introduced in Europe in 2014, when TPMS became mandatory in all new vehicles sold in the European Union.

How TPMS works

TPMS works by monitoring tire pressure and relaying information to the driver via a gauge on the dashboard. When pressure drops below the recommended level, the system warns the driver, allowing for quick action to be taken.

Types of TPMS systems

There are two main types of TPMS systems:

Direct TPMS

Direct TPMS uses sensors mounted in each tire that measure pressure in real time. The data is sent to a control module and then displayed on a screen in the car. This type of system is more accurate, but also more expensive to maintain, as the sensors may need to be replaced after a few years.

Indirect TPMS

Indirect TPMS relies on data from the ABS and ESP systems to monitor the rotational speed of the wheels. When one wheel is spinning faster than the others, the system interprets this as a drop in pressure. Although this type of TPMS is less precise, it is also cheaper to install and maintain.

Benefits of using TPMS

The TPMS system offers a number of benefits, including:

• Improved safety: Preventing accidents caused by under-inflated or overheated tires.

• Fuel savings: Properly inflated tires reduce rolling resistance, which translates into lower fuel consumption.

• Extend tire life: Maintaining proper pressure reduces tread wear.

• Environmental protection: Less fuel consumption means reduced CO2 emissions.

Impact of TPMS on safety and the environment

TPMS plays a key role in improving road safety. According to research conducted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), vehicles equipped with TPMS have a 55% lower risk of tire-related accidents.

Additionally, TPMS contributes to environmental protection because maintaining the appropriate tire pressure reduces fuel consumption, which in turn reduces the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere.

Table: Comparison of Direct and Indirect TPMS Systems

Characteristics	Direct TPMS	Indirect TPMS
Measurement accuracy	High	Lower
Installation cost	Higher	Lower
Maintenance required	Yes	NO
Speed ​​of response	Instant	Delayed

Chart: Relationship between tire pressure and fuel consumption

        | | * Fuel consumption | * | * | * | * |__*__________________ Tyre pressure

Summary

The TPMS system is an essential element of modern vehicles, ensuring safety, savings and environmental protection. Its history shows how technology can contribute to improved comfort and safety on the road. Choosing the right type of TPMS depends on individual needs and financial possibilities, but regardless of the choice, the benefits of this system are undeniable.